Which three vessels empty deoxygenated blood directly into the right atrium?	Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus
Does the right atrium contain oxygen-rich or oxygen-poor blood?	Oxygen-poor
Which valve lies between the right atrium and the right ventricle?	Tricuspid valve (right atrioventricular valve)
How many cusps does the tricuspid valve possess?	Three
Does the right ventricle contain oxygen-rich or oxygen-poor blood?	Oxygen-poor
Which valve does blood cross when exiting the right ventricle?	Pulmonary semilunar valve
Into which vessel is blood directly ejected from the right ventricle?	Pulmonary trunk
The pulmonary trunk divides into the right and left _____, which transport oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.	pulmonary arteries
The pulmonary trunk divides into the right and left pulmonary arteries, which transport _____ blood to the lungs.	oxygen-poor
What functional distinction sets pulmonary arteries apart from most systemic arteries?	They carry oxygen-poor blood.
Where does oxygen-poor blood pick up oxygen in the pulmonary circuit?	In the pulmonary capillaries that surround the alveoli of the lungs
Which vessels return newly oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?	Pulmonary veins
How many pulmonary veins typically drain into the left atrium?	Four (two from each lung)
Does the left atrium contain oxygen-rich or oxygen-poor blood?	Oxygen-rich
Which valve regulates blood flow between the left atrium and the left ventricle?	Mitral valve (bicuspid valve / left atrioventricular valve)
How many cusps make up the mitral (bicuspid) valve?	Two
During ventricular systole, the _____ valve prevents the backflow of oxygen-rich blood into the left atrium.	mitral (bicuspid)
During ventricular systole, the mitral (bicuspid) valve prevents the backflow of _____ blood into the left atrium.	oxygen-rich
Does the left ventricle contain oxygen-rich or oxygen-poor blood?	Oxygen-rich
Why is the myocardium of the left ventricle substantially thicker than that of the right ventricle?	It must generate high pressure to pump blood throughout the high-resistance systemic circulation.
Which valve does blood pass through as it leaves the left ventricle?	Aortic semilunar valve
Into which vessel is oxygen-rich blood directly pumped from the left ventricle?	Ascending aorta
What anatomical structure prevents the mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood between the ventricles?	Interventricular septum
What tendon-like cords anchor the atrioventricular valve cusps to papillary muscles?	Chordae tendineae
What is the primary mechanical function of papillary muscles and chordae tendineae?	Preventing the eversion (prolapse) of AV valve cusps into the atria during ventricular contraction
Unlike AV valves, semilunar valves lack chordae tendineae and close when blood fills their _____ during ventricular diastole.	pocket-like cusps
Which heart chamber receives venous blood returning from the coronary circulation?	Right atrium