How many bones are in the adult human skeleton?	206
What are the 2 divisions of the skeleton?	The axial skeleton (80 bones) and the appendicular skeleton (126 bones)
What does the axial skeleton include?	The skull, vertebral column and thoracic cage, plus the hyoid and the ear ossicles: 80 bones
What does the appendicular skeleton include?	The bones of the upper and lower limbs and the girdles that attach them to the axial skeleton: 126 bones
How many bones form the skull?	22: 8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones (the hyoid is not part of the skull)
Name the 8 cranial bones.	Frontal, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, occipital, sphenoid and ethmoid
Which single bone forms the forehead?	The frontal bone
Which paired bones form most of the upper sides and top of the skull?	The parietal bones
Which paired bones form the lower sides of the skull and carry the mastoid process?	The temporal bones
Which single bone forms the back of the skull and contains the foramen magnum?	The occipital bone
Which single bone is the "keystone" of the skull, joining almost every other skull bone?	The sphenoid bone
Which single midline bone forms the roof and side walls of the upper nasal cavity?	The ethmoid bone
Name the 14 facial bones.	6 pairs (maxilla, palatine, zygomatic, nasal, lacrimal, inferior nasal conchae) plus the vomer and the mandible
Which paired bone forms the upper jaw and most of the hard palate?	The maxilla
Which bone forms the lower jaw?	The mandible, the only movable bone of the skull
Where is the maxilla?	The upper jaw (not the nose, and not the cheekbone)
Which bone is the cheekbone?	The zygomatic bone
Which paired bones form the bridge of the nose?	The nasal bones
Which small, rectangular bone forms the front of the inner wall of the orbit?	The lacrimal bone
Which paired bones form the back of the hard palate?	The palatine bones
Which bone forms the back and lower part of the nasal septum?	The vomer
Which curved bony plates project into the nasal cavity from its lower side walls?	The inferior nasal conchae
Which U-shaped bone in the upper neck touches no other bone?	The hyoid bone
Name the 3 ear ossicles in order from the eardrum.	Malleus, incus, stapes (hammer, anvil, stirrup)
Which ear ossicle attaches to the eardrum (tympanic membrane)?	The malleus
Which ear ossicle connects to the cochlea at the oval window?	The stapes
How many cervical vertebrae are there?	7 (C1 to C7), in the neck
How many thoracic vertebrae are there?	12 (T1 to T12)
How many lumbar vertebrae are there?	5 (L1 to L5), in the lower back
How is the sacrum formed?	From 5 sacral vertebrae fused together
How is the coccyx formed?	From 4 small coccygeal vertebrae fused together
What is the C1 vertebra called?	The atlas
What is the C2 vertebra called?	The axis
What makes up the adult vertebral column?	24 vertebrae (7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar) plus the sacrum and coccyx
What does the thoracic cage consist of?	12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages, and the sternum
What are the 3 parts of the sternum?	The manubrium, the body and the xiphoid process
Which ribs are the true ribs?	Ribs 1 to 7
Which ribs are the false ribs?	Ribs 8 to 12
Which ribs are the floating ribs?	Ribs 11 and 12 (the last 2 false ribs)
Which 2 bones form the pectoral girdle?	The clavicle and the scapula
Which S-shaped bone runs from the sternum to the scapula at the front of the shoulder?	The clavicle (collarbone)
Which flat, triangular bone sits at the back of the shoulder?	The scapula (shoulder blade)
What forms the bony tip of the shoulder?	The acromion of the scapula
Which single bone forms the upper arm?	The humerus
Which forearm bone is on the thumb side?	The radius (lateral)
Which forearm bone is on the pinky side?	The ulna (medial)
How many bones are in each upper limb?	30
Where are the 8 carpal bones?	The wrist and base of the hand
Name the proximal row of carpals, thumb side to pinky side.	Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
Name the distal row of carpals, thumb side to pinky side.	Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
What mnemonic gives the 8 carpal bones?	So Long To Pinky, Here Comes The Thumb: the proximal row thumb to pinky, then the distal row pinky to thumb
Trapezium or trapezoid: which is next to the thumb?	The trapezium: the "Thumb" at the end of the carpal mnemonic
Which bones form the palm?	The 5 metacarpals, numbered 1 to 5 from the thumb
How many phalanges are in each hand?	14: 2 in the thumb, 3 in each finger
Which digit has only 2 phalanges?	The thumb (pollex, digit 1); in the foot, the big toe
What forms the pelvic girdle on each side?	A single hip bone (coxal bone)
Which 3 bones fuse to form each hip bone?	The ilium, ischium and pubis, fused by the late teens
What is the cup-shaped socket where the ilium, ischium and pubis meet?	The acetabulum, the socket of the hip joint
Which part of the hip bone supports you when you sit?	The ischium (its ischial tuberosity)
What is the curved top edge of the ilium called?	The iliac crest
Which 4 bones form the pelvis?	The right and left hip bones, the sacrum and the coccyx
Which is the longest and strongest bone in the body?	The femur (thigh bone)
Which sesamoid bone sits in the quadriceps tendon at the knee?	The patella (kneecap)
Which bone is the shin bone, on the medial side of the leg?	The tibia, the weight-bearing bone of the leg
Which leg bone is lateral and does not bear weight?	The fibula
The medial malleolus (inner ankle bump) belongs to which bone?	The tibia
The lateral malleolus (outer ankle bump) belongs to which bone?	The fibula
How many bones are in each lower limb?	30
Name the 7 tarsal bones.	Talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, and the medial, intermediate and lateral cuneiforms
Which tarsal bone is the heel bone?	The calcaneus
Which tarsal bone meets the tibia and fibula to form the ankle joint?	The talus, the most superior tarsal
Carpals or tarsals: which are in the wrist?	Carpals (8, wrist); the 7 tarsals form the back half of the foot
Which bones form the front half of the foot?	The 5 metatarsals
How many phalanges are in each foot?	14: 2 in the big toe, 3 in each other toe